Dynamo-electric machine



. A. H; NEULAND. y DYNAMO ELECTRIC fmcums.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24.1916.

Patented Jtlly 27, 1920.

, I 4 INVE/VTDH ORIIEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFONS n. NEULAND, or sen rRANcIsco, CALIFORNIA.

DYNAMO-ELECTLR IC MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALroNs H. NEULAND,

a subject ofthe Czar of Russia, residing at San Francisco, in the countyof San Fran cisco and 'State of California, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

My inventionrelates to dynamo-electric machines and particularly tomeans for regulating the generated voltage and current of variable speeddynamos, this invention being specific to that disclosed and callyinclosed by a steel frame. Another 3 switch, which will characteristicsof driven vehicles,

armature being operatively connected toan axle thereof. 1 In accordancewithmy invention,

Patent Number claimed in my prior .1 disclosed a 1,157,414. In 'thatpatent,

regulator consisting of a shunt member rotative between supplementalpoles of the field magnet and operative to shunt a greater or lessnumber of lines offorce from the armature, depending upon the of theshunt member, the ing provided with shunt member beforce ofwhich actsupon the field and causes ,theshunt member to rotateagainst theforce ofa spring.

An object of my resent invention is to provide such a mac ine which willbe of simple, compact and inexpensive construction, and which willpermit the armature, shunt member, and field coils, to be economiobjectis to compensate for the decreasing attractive force on the shunt memberas the shunt memberapproache's full shunting p0 isition. Another objectis to provide means various voltage and current the machine. Anotherobject is to provide special retractile means controllingrthe movementof the shunt member and coordinated with the circuit closing satisfy therequirements of such machines when usedto charge storage batteries;vOther objects and advan for obtaining tages of my invention willappearfrom the following description.

- Embodiments of this inventiom'by reason of their size and strength,are well adapted for use as a generator on power such as railwaycoaches, the

I make the casing orchousing of magnetic material and arrange adouble-faced Specification of Letters Patent.

rotative position a winding energized by the current generated in thearmature, the

tirely restrain Patented July 27, 1920.

Application filed November 24, 1916. Serial No, 133,111.

pole member between the armature and the shunt member which serves forboth members, the field coil being carried by the pole member in such away that the flux passes either through the shunt member or-through thearmature or divides and traverses both members, the casing serving tocomplete the magnetic path..

To compensate for the decreasing attractive force on the shunt member asaline ment increases I so construct the shoes of the supplemental polesand the faces of the shunt member cooperating therewith that v meansincluded within my invention are constructed to en- 'the rotation of theshunt 'member unt l the'gener'a'ted potential is substantially' equal tothat of the battery, whereupon only sufiicient rotation is permitted toclose the battery circuit, and the further rotation for regulatingpurposes is permitted only when a predetermined potential 's generated.My invention. also comprehends other features of construction as willhereinafter more" fullyappean, I Shallnow describe the illustratedembodiment of my invention and shall thereafter point out my inventionin claims.

Figure '1 is a transverse section of a complete machine illustrating myinvention;

' and Fig. 2 is a diagram'of the electrical Cir "cuits; and of thecircuit closing mechanism andthe retractile means controlling the same.e

The casing or housing 1- is preferably made dust and water tight, and iscomposed of suitable magnetic material, such as iron. The ends of thecasing in which the rotatable parts find their bearings are removableand have a tight fit with the body porti n which is preferably cast inone piece, as shown. The armature 2 is lower part of the casing and theshunt memher 3 in the upper part. A "pole 4 for the disposed in thearmature is formed on the interior bottom face of the casing, and a polefor the shunt member is formed on. thdinterior top face of the casing.

Between the shunt member and the armature are two opposite inwardlyvextending pole pieces 6 and 7 integral. with the respective sides of thecasing, and the field coils 8 and 9 surround these respective polepieces. Bridging the pole pieces and removably attached thereto, is apole shoe 10. This pole shoe is double-faced, its lower face serving asa pole. shoe for the armature and its upper face serving as a pole shoefor the shunt member. ,A simple and compact construction is therebyprovided which is sufiiciently strong to withstand extremely hard usage.

Where the arcuate pole faces a and b of the supplemental poles, and thearcuate ends 0 and (Z of the shunt member are concentric with the centerof rotation of the shunt memher, the shunt member is inclined .to stickas soon as partial alinement is reached and the pull thereon decreasesappreciably when full alinement is approached. To obviate this I soconstruct those cooperative faces that the air gap progressivelydiminishes as alinement increases. As shown, the four arcuate faces(5.7), c, and (Z are of the same radii, but their centers of generationare eccentric to the center of rotation and are so arranged that thecenter of the faces 0 and Z coincide with the centers of the pole facesa and 7) only when the shunt member is in position of full alinement,that is, in its maximum shunting position. The center of rotation isindicated at w, and the centers of the four arcuate faces a, b, 0 and(Z. are indicated at a, Z), c and d", respectively.

When the shunt member in its minimum shunting position which is theposition shown in the drawing. the centers a and Z) are 90 angulardegrees from the centers 0' and (Z and in the path of rotation thereof.

Therefore when the shunt member has rotated 90 to its maximum shuntingposition. the center 0' coincides with the center 7/, and the center (Zcoincides with the center a. and the two air gaps are at their minimum.The dotted circular line indicates the path of the advance ends of thefaces 0 and (Z, and the entire'area of these faces correspondinglyapproachestheir cooperative pole faces and purpose one or both ofthesupplemental poles may be provided with a winding 1 1 which, like thaton the shunt member, is

connected with the armature in shunt, series,

compound or differential relation, depending" on the characteristicdesired.

In order to. improve the action of the circuit closing switch operatedby the movement of the shunt member I provide for retractile means whichpermits the shunt member to turn slightly when the increasing armaturevoltage reaches that of the battery; the switch then closes and furthermovement is prevented by an added spring until the voltage has increasedsufficiently to force the desired current through the battery whereuponthe magnetic force overcomes the tension of both springs and permits theshunt member to perform its action of shunting the flux away from thearmature.

This is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 2. The shunt member 3 isnormally held in the non-shunting position shown by the coiled spring 12which is connected to one end of a flexible wire or ribbon 13, the otherend of the wire being attached to a hub 23 on the shunt member. Thetension of the spring 12 is adjusted by a nut 14:, and is regulated tohold the shunt member 3 stationary 'until the generated ratential equalsthat of the battery 15. wheieupon the shunt member turns in thedirection of the arrow until the stop 16 on the cord 13 engages thecasing 17 which is carried by the external and stronger spring 18. Thismovement of the shunt member releases the pivoted lever 19 and permitsit to rotate under the influence of the spring 20 and close the switch21 in the battery circuit. Further rotation of the shunt member mustexpand both. the springs 12 and 1S. and their combined tension isregulated to restrain the shunt mem her from further rotation for thepurpose of regulation until a predetermined voltage and current areattained. I

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructionshown in the drawing and above particularly dcscril'ied.v within theprinciple and scope of my invention.

1' claim:

A generator comprising a magnetic casing including an intermediatetransverse double-faced pole member. an armature on one side of the polemember adapted to be driven at variable speeds and cofiperativc with oneof the pole faces. a notative magnetic shunt member on the other side ofthe pole member cooperative with the other pole face and having alimited movement; during which the number of lines of force shuntedranges from a minimum to a maximum, and a field coil so disposed on thepole member that the two pole faces areof the same polarity.

2. A generator comprising a magnetic casing having an arcuate poleformed on each of two opposite inner faces, an inter "mediate transversedouble-faced pole shoe magnetically related to the casing, a field coilso arranged on the pole shoe that the two pole faces are of the samepolarity, an armature on one side. of the pole shoe adapted to be drivenat variable speeds and coiiperat ive with one ofthe pole faces and withthe adjacent pole n the casing, and

a rotative magnetic shunt member on the other side of the pole shoe andcoiiperative with the other pole face and with the adjacent poleonthecasing and having a limmum toamaximum.

i ited movement during which the number of lines of force shunted rangesfrom a mini- 3-.,A generator comprising a magnetic casing having anarcuate pole formed on each of two opposite inner faces, an inter-.

mediate transverse double-faced pole shoe magnetically related tothecasing, a field coil so arranged on the pole shoe that the two polefaces are of the same polarity, an

armature on one side of the pole shoe adapted to be driven at variablespeeds and cooperative with one of the pole 'faces and with the adjacentpole on: the casing, a

- rotative magnetic shunt member on the .membe to rotate to variousshunting posigtio'ns' I H ---e ach.-of two opposite inner faces an inter"mediateft Y nsverse 1 wo P9 6 a A. generator comprising a magnetic-.having, an arcuate pole formed on I double-faced pole -shoeniagnetically flrelated to the casing, a field coil arranged on the poleshoe that the 'of'the same polarity, an ."arlilat'urciibn [onetside ofthe pole shoe adapted 'to be' driven at variable speeds andpcrativewithone of the pole-faces and with the' adjacent-pole on thecasing, a rotative magneticshunt Ir'neinber. on the other sideofithepole" shoeand cooperative wlth the other pole -"face 7 and withthe adjacent -pole,-.on' thecasing,fresilient retractile means o i "therotation 'of theishunt member .and' limitingthe rotational-movementthere'- of, and a winding' on the shunt member; fed by the, varyingpotential and current ..of the armature f and serving to develop-avarying ,torque h po face 0 a e; the shunt-memberto rotate tovariousshunt' ing positions. I

5. In a i a pai'r 'of eld poles, and a'rotative shunt m mber the pol neenerator, a 'field magnet. hai ing" 1 of the faces on the pole and thecooper ative face on the shunt member being ar..

cuate andof the same curvature but both belng eccentric to the center ofrotation of the shunt member the generating center of the pole. facebeing in the rotative path of the generating center of the coiiperativearcuate faceon the shunt member and arranged to coincide therewith whenthe shunt member is in maximum shuntmg pos1- tion, whereby the air gapbetween said pair of faces is progressively decreased as aline mentincreases.

6. In a generator, a si'ipplementalv poles, and a shunt member rotativebetween the saidpoles and adapted field magnet having to bridge thesame, and form a shunt path for the flux, the pole faces and thecohperative faces on the shunt member being arcuate and of thesame-curvature but eccentric to .the center of rotation, the generatingcenter of each pole face-being in'the path of the generating center ofthe cooperative arcuate face on the shunt memberand arranged to coincidetherewith when the shunt member is in maximum shunting position, wherebythe air gaps are progressively decreased as alinement increases.

7 In a generator, the combination with a field magnet having. armaturepoles and supplemental poles, and with an armature adapted to rotate atvariable speeds between the armature poles and thereby to have a varyingpotential generated therein, of-

means for maintaining a substantially constant potential at varyingspeeds of the armature comprising a magnetic shunt member rotativebetween the supplemental poles in magnetic relation thereto and adaptedin one position to shunt a minimum number of lines of force and inanother position to shunt a maximum number of lines of force, anda'winding on one of the supplemental poles fed by the varying potentialI -110' 81-111 a-generator,.the combinatio n'with and current of thearmaturea field m agnet having armature poles and supplemental poles,andwith, an armature adapted'to rotateat variable speeds between thearmature poles and thereby to have 'a' varying potential generatedtherein, of. 1

means for maintaining a substantially constant potential at varyingspeeds'of the armature comprising a magneticshunt member rotativebetween. the supplemental poles immagnetic relation-thereto and adaptedin one position .to shunt a minimum number; of lines of force and'inanother position *to'I.

shunt a maximum number'of lines offo'rce,

5. fed by the varying potential and current ofa winding on one of thesupplemental poles the armature, and a winding on the-.shunt' member fedby the varying potential and shuntimember exerts 'a vary ng current fromthe armature, whereby the torque.-- 01.1-

the supplemental poles dependent upon the 'generated potential andtending to cause.

' ing positions.

9. In a variable speed generator, the combination with a potentialregulator comprising a movable magnetic shunt member adapted in variouspositions to shunt more or less lines of force from the armature, andmeans" carried by the shunt member and controlled by the generatedpotential in the armature for moving the shunt mem her into more or lesseffective shunting position, of a circuit, closer for the externalcircuit arranged to be operated by the shunt member to close the circuitas the shunt member is moved from its least effective shunting position,and compound retractile means for the shunt member operative to permit acircuit-closing movement of the shunt member -when a predeterminedpotential is generated and to restrain further movement of the shuntmember until a gregter predetermined potential is generate 10. In agenerator, in combination with a field magnet and armature, the fieldmag net having supplemental poles, a rotative shunt member cooperativewith the supplementalpoles to shunt more or less lines of force from thearmature, and retractile means for the shunt member to restrain rotationthereof comprising a r,e1atively weak resilient member and a relativelyvstrong resilient member, the two resilient members coacting to permitfirst a partial rotation of the shunt member when a lesser predeterminedpotential is generated and to permit a further rotation thereof when agreater predetermined potential is generated.

11. In a generator, in combination with a field magnet and armature, thefield magnet'having supplemental poles, a rotative shunt membercooperative with the supplemental poles to shunt more or less linesofforce from the armature, an external circuit including a secondarybattery, a circuit closer for the external circuit arranged to beoperated by the shunt member to close the circuit as the shunt memberrotates from its least effective shunting position; and retractile meansfor the shunt member to restrain rotation thereof comprising arelatively strong resilient member operatively connected to the shuntmember and adapt(. ,l

vto restrain rotation thereof until the gener ated potentialsubstantially equals that of the battery, a relatively weak resilientmemher, and means operatively coupling the two resilient members after arelatively slight movment of the former, the combined tension of the twomembers serving to. restrain the shunt member from further rotutionuntil a predetermined potential in excess of that of the battery isgenerated.

In witness whereof I subscribe my signature, in the presence of twowitnesses.

ALFONS H. NEULAND.

Witnesses WVALno M. CHAIIN,

JOHN KnARNs.

